E-cigarette taste exploration of aerosols (I)

November 17, 2023

With the rapid development of the new atomisation industry, the user's requirements for electronic cigarettes have long since got rid of the "smoke can be" stage, today's users seek a high degree of reduction, high satisfaction, vaping full and smooth electronic cigarette products. Therefore, the taste has become the ultimate standard for judging the merits of electronic cigarettes, so what factors affect the taste?

This topic will start from the mechanism, take you to explore the various factors affecting the formation of the taste of electronic cigarettes, in order to deepen the understanding of the taste formation mechanism.
Topic 1 Formation, Evolution and Transport of Aerosols

First of all, let's introduce a concept, aerosol is a gaseous dispersion system composed of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gaseous medium. Traditional cigarette smoke is the solid particles produced by the combustion of tobacco, and e-cigarette smoke is the liquid particles formed by the evaporation and condensation of the atomising liquid, both of which are suspended in the air medium to form an aerosol, but the two are formed by different mechanisms, and the research methods are different.

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(1) the formation and evolution of aerosols
Nucleation: In a mixture consisting only of vapour, one or more chemical components may be in a supersaturated state, which means that the partial pressure is greater than the equilibrium vapour pressure of the mixture. Energetically, this favours the recombination of vapour molecules into the liquid phase. If the supersaturation is high enough, the energy barrier associated with the formation of the droplet surface can be overcome, leading to droplet nucleation;
Condensation evaporation: the vapour molecules are more likely to change phase and condense onto an already existing surface. The process is driven by the saturation of the vapour and the mobility of the vapour molecules relative to the mixture. If the vapour becomes unsaturated, the aerosol droplets may begin to evaporate and disappear;
Aggregate fragmentation: in a dense aerosol, particles may collide with each other. Along with these collision events, it is possible for two particles to merge into one; they polymerise. Conversely, there is also the probability of particles being scattered into multiple particles, i.e., particle splitting.
(2) Aerosol transport
Drift: particles have different properties from the carrier gas, e.g., density or viscosity, which may cause the motion of the particle phase to deviate from that of the carrier gas. This motion can be caused by inertia, e.g. when the droplets carry too much momentum and cannot adapt fast enough to the local acceleration felt by the carrier gas.
Diffusion: when the particles are small enough, this Brownian motion leads to diffusion of the droplets. From a macroscopic point of view, this diffusion is like a "regular" molecular diffusion, which makes the aerosol quickly appear more dispersed.
Deposition: The velocity of the carrier gas on the surface is zero, which means that no gas molecules can cross the surface. If the aerosol particles followed the flow of the carrier gas precisely, their motion would also stagnate at the surface, preventing deposition. However, aerosol drift and diffusion may cause a net transport of particles that deviate from the carrier flow line. Thus, both drift and diffusion are mechanisms that enable aerosol deposition and, in this sense, deposition can be seen as a consequence of the dispersive properties of the aerosol.
From this, we can deduce that e-cigarette aerosols consist of two main components:
1 The atomising liquid surface in the state of heat, has not reached the temperature of evaporation, break through the liquid surface tension and break away from the liquid surface of the tiny particles (diffusion)
2 atomising liquid is heated, after reaching the evaporation temperature, the high temperature of the vapour meets the room temperature airflow condensation and the liquid particles produced (evaporation condensation)

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